Couple of quick comments:
1. The CRT is still under vacuum and appears to be connected correctly since the heaters are glowing.
2. The "rust colored glass pieces" that you found were pieces of the base cap cement used to glue the base cap to the CRT.
3. If you had actually broken the tip seal off of the CRT (under the locater key) you would have heard the sound of in rushing air, filling the vacuum of the CRT.
4. Is the other end of the high voltage wire (the large white wire seen in the picture of the tube layout chart) properly plugged into the CRT?
5. Logo on the back (on serial number tag) looks to me like Phillips, not Philco... could you get a close-up pix?
https://www.google.com/search?q=phil...&client=safari
jr