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The CRT voltages are usually show on the schematic or tube voltage chart.
Basically the voltage between the cathode and first grid (control grid) has to be in the right range, grid not too negative but not positive with respect to the cathode. Also the second grid needs to be a couple of hundred volts positive.
Ion traps are used on some CRTs in the earlier years. They resemble sheet metal clamps on the neck of the CRT near the socket. Do a search in the forums here for further info.
Don't get too wrapped up in working on this, you will only be running in circles if you do not have enough info.
Do a search for RCA Tube Manual RC-22 pdf and download it. That is the 1963 edition. RCA Tube Manuals have a section on how tubes (including CRTs) work. A good place to start. I've downloaded some other editions but the search function doesn't work well.
With RF circuits you almost always are working with sine waves so a scope doesn't help much. With TVs many areas require the right wave shape so a scope can be very useful. One with a vertical bandwidth of at least 5 MHz is recommended.
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